This in-depth hands-on tutorial on How to Write Test Cases covers the small print of what a Test Case is alongside with its customary definition and Test Case Design strategies.
What is a Test case?
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A test case has parts that describe enter, movement, and an anticipated response, in order to determine if a perform of an utility works precisely.
A test case is a set of instructions on “HOW” to validate a particular test purpose/purpose, which, when adopted will inform us if the anticipated habits of the system is completely happy or not.
List of Tutorials Covered on this Test Case Writing Series:
How to Write:
Tutorial #1: What is a Test Case and How to Write Test Cases (this tutorial)
Tutorial #2: Sample Test Case Template with Examples [Download] (ought to be taught)
Tutorial #3: Writing Test Cases from SRS Document
Tutorial #4: How to Write Test Cases for a Given Scenario
Tutorial #5: How to Prepare Yourself for Test Case Writing
Tutorial #6: How to Write Negative Test Cases
Examples:
Tutorial #7: 180+ Sample Test Cases for Web and Desktop Applications
Tutorial #8: 100+ Ready-to-Execute Test Scenarios (Checklist)
Writing Techniques:
Tutorial #9: Cause and Effect Graph – Dynamic Test Case Writing Technique
Tutorial #10: State Transition Testing Technique
Tutorial #11: Orthogonal Array Testing Technique
Tutorial #12: Error Guessing Technique
Tutorial #13: Field Validation Table (FVT) Test Design Technique
Test Case Vs Test Scenarios:
Tutorial #14: Test Cases Vs Test Scenarios
Tutorial #15: Difference Between Test Plan, Test Strategy and Test Case
Automation:
Tutorial #16: How to Select Correct Test Cases for Automation Testing
Tutorial #17: How to Translate Manual Test Cases into Automation Scripts
Test Management Tools:
Tutorial #18: Best Test Management Tools
Tutorial #19: TestLink for Test case Management
Tutorial #20: Creating and Managing Test Cases Using HP Quality Center
Tutorial #21: Executing Test Cases Using ALM/QC
Domain Specific Cases:
Tutorial #22: Test Cases for ERP Application
Tutorial #23: JAVA Application test cases
Tutorial #24: Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning
Let’s proceed with the first tutorial on this sequence.
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What You Will Learn:
- What is a Test Case and How to Write Test Cases?
- Tips for Writing Tests
- How to Achieve Excellence in Test Case Documentation
- Useful Tips and Tricks
- #1) Is your Test Document in Good Shape?
- #2) Do not Forget to Cover the Negative Cases
- #3) Have Atomic Test Steps
- #4) Prioritize the Tests
- #5) Sequence Matters
- #6) Add Timestamp and Tester’s Name to the Comments
- #7) Include Browser Details
- #8) Keep two separate sheets – ‘Bugs’ & ‘Summary’ in the Document
- Useful Tips and Tricks
- How NOT to Write Tests
- How to Improve Test Case Efficiency
- Importance of Standardizing the Test Cases
- Conclusion
What is a Test Case and How to Write Test Cases?
Writing environment friendly circumstances is a capacity. You may be taught it from the experience and data of the equipment beneath test.
For elementary instructions on how to write assessments, please confirm the following video:
The above sources ought to give us the basics of the test writing course of.
Levels of Test writing course of:
- Level 1: In this stage, you may write the elementary circumstances from the accessible specification and individual documentation.
- Level 2: This is the smart stage by means of which writing circumstances rely upon the exact purposeful and system circulation of the equipment.
- Level 3: This is the stage by means of which you may group some circumstances and write a test course of. The test course of is nothing nonetheless a gaggle of small circumstances, maybe a most of 10.
- Level 4: Automation of the mission. This will cut back human interaction with the system and thus the QA can focus on the at current up to date functionalities to test considerably than remaining busy with Regression testing.
Why will we Write Tests?
The elementary purpose of writing circumstances is to validate the test safety of an utility.
If you are working in any CMMi group, then the test necessities are adopted additional intently. Writing circumstances brings some type of standardization and minimizes the advert hoc methodology in testing.
How to Write Test Cases?
Fields:
- Test case id
- Unit to test: What to be verified?
- Assumptions
- Test information: Variables and their values
- Steps to be executed
- Expected Result
- Actual finish end result
- Pass/Fail
- Comments
Basic Format of Test Case Statement
Verify
Using [tool name, tag name, dialog, etc]
With [conditions]
To [what is returned, shown, demonstrated]
Verify: Used as the first phrase of the test assertion.
Using: To decide what’s being examined. You can use ‘coming into’ or ‘deciding on’ proper right here instead of using counting on the state of affairs.
For any utility, you need to cowl all types of assessments as:
- Functional circumstances
- Negative circumstances
- Boundary price circumstances
While writing these, your entire TC’s ought to be simple and simple to understand.
Tips for Writing Tests
One of primarily probably the most frequent and important actions of a Software Tester (SQA/SQC particular person) is to write Test conditions and circumstances.
There are some important elements which may be related to this important train. Let us have a hen’s-eye view of those elements first.
Important Factors Involved in Writing Process:
a) TCs are prone to widespread revision and change:
We live in a continuously altering world and the equivalent holds good for software program program as correctly. Software requirements change immediately impacts the circumstances. Whenever requirements are altered, TCs need to be up to date.
Yet, it is not solely the change inside the requirement that may set off revision and change of TCs. During the execution of TCs, many ideas come up inside the ideas and loads of sub-conditions of a single TC is also acknowledged. All this causes an change of TCs and usually it even leads to the addition of latest TCs.
During regression testing, numerous fixes and/or ripples demand revised or new TCs.
b) TCs are prone to distribution among the many many testers who will execute these:
Of course, there’s hardly such a state of affairs by means of which a single tester executes the entire TCs. Normally, there are a selection of testers who test fully completely different modules of a single utility. So the TCs are divided among the many many testers in accordance to their owned areas of the equipment beneath test.
Some TCs which can be related to the blending of utility is also executed by numerous testers, whereas the alternative TCs is also executed solely by a single tester.
c) TCs are prone to Clustering and Batching:
It is common and customary that TCs belonging to a single test scenario typically demand their execution in some specific sequence or as a gaggle. There is also positive pre-requisites of a TC that demand the execution of various TCs sooner than working itself.
Similarly, as per the enterprise logic of the AUT, a single TC may contribute to numerous test circumstances and a single test scenario may comprise numerous TCs.
d) TCs have a tendency of inter-dependence:
This may also be an attention-grabbing and important habits of the TCs, denoting that they’re typically interdependent on each other. From medium to huge functions with difficult enterprise logic, this tendency is additional seen.
The clearest area of any utility the place this habits can undoubtedly be seen is the interoperability between fully completely different modules of the equivalent and even fully completely different functions. Simply, wherever the fully completely different modules of a single utility or numerous functions are interdependent, then the equivalent habits is mirrored inside the TCs as correctly.
e) TCs are prone to distribution among the many many builders (significantly in Test-driven enchancment environment):
An important reality about TCs is that these are often not solely to be utilized by the testers. In the traditional case, when a bug is beneath restore by the builders, they are not immediately using the TC to restore the issue.
Similarly, if the test-driven enchancment is adopted, then TCs are immediately utilized by the builders in order to assemble their logic and cover the entire conditions of their code which may be addressed by TCs.
Tips to Write Effective Tests:
Keeping the above 5 elements in ideas, listed beneath are only a few strategies to write environment friendly TCs.
Let’s start!!!
#1) Keep it simple nonetheless not too simple; make it difficult, nonetheless not too difficult
This assertion seems a paradox. But, we promise it is not so. Keep the entire steps of TCs atomic and actual. Mention the steps with the best sequence and correct mapping to the anticipated outcomes. The test case ought to be self-explanatory and simple to understand. This is what we indicate to make it simple.
Now, making it difficult means to make it built-in with the Test Plan and completely different TCs. Refer to the alternative TCs, associated artifacts, GUIs, and so forth. the place and when required. But, do this in a balanced means. Do not make a tester switch forwards and backwards inside the pile of paperwork for ending a single test scenario.
Do not even let the tester to doc these TCs compactly. While writing TCs, always take into account that you or one other individual can have to revise and change these.
#2) After documenting the Test circumstances, consider as quickly as as Tester
Never assume that the job is accomplished after you might have written the ultimate TC of the test scenario. Go to the start and consider the entire TCs as quickly as, nonetheless not with the mindset of a TC creator or Testing Planner. Review all TCs with the ideas of a tester. Think rationally and try to dry run your TCs.
Evaluate the entire Steps and see if in case you might have talked about these clearly in an understandable means and the anticipated outcomes are in harmony with these steps.
Ensure that the test data specified by TCs is feasible not only for exact testers nonetheless is in accordance to the real-time environment too. Ensure that there’s no dependency battle amongst TCs and ensure that all the references to completely different TCs/artifacts/GUIs are right. Otherwise, the Testers is also in good trouble.
#3) Bound as well as to ease the Testers
Do not depart the test information on testers. Give them a selection of inputs significantly the place calculations are to be carried out or the equipment’s habits is set by inputs. You can permit them to decide the test information merchandise values nonetheless on no account give them the liberty to choose the test information objects themselves.
Because, intentionally or unintentionally, they may use the equivalent test information as soon as extra & as soon as extra and some important test information is also ignored all through the execution of TCs.
Keep the testers relaxed by organizing the TCs as per the testing courses and the related areas of an utility. Clearly, instruct and level out which TCs are interdependent and/or batched. Likewise, explicitly level out which TCs are neutral and isolated so that the tester may deal with his common train accordingly.
Now, you could be to look at boundary price analysis, which is a test case design approach that is utilized in black-box testing. Click here to know additional about it.
#4) Be a Contributor
Never accept the FS or Design Document because it’s. Your job just isn’t solely to endure the FS and decide the Test Scenarios. Being a QA helpful useful resource, on no account hesitate to contribute to enterprise and supplies methods do you have to actually really feel that one factor shall be improved inside the utility.
Suggest to builders too, significantly in TC-driven enchancment environment. Suggest the drop-down lists, calendar controls, selection-list, group radio buttons, additional important messages, cautions, prompts, enhancements related to usability, and so forth.
Being a QA, don’t merely test nonetheless make a distinction!
#5) Never Forget the End User
The most important stakeholder is the ‘End User’ who will lastly use the equipment. So, at all times keep in mind him at any stage of TC’s writing. In reality, the End User should not be ignored at any stage all by means of the SDLC. Yet, our emphasis up to now’s merely related to the topic.
So, all through the identification of test conditions, on no account overlook these circumstances which can in all probability be principally utilized by the individual or the circumstances which can be business-critical even when they are much much less incessantly used. Keep your self inside the sneakers of the End User after which endure the entire TCs and determine the smart price of executing your entire documented TCs.
How to Achieve Excellence in Test Case Documentation
Being a software program program tester, you may completely agree with me that creating with a super Test Document is usually a troublesome exercise.
We always depart some scope for enchancment in our Test Case Documentation. Sometimes, we will not current 100% test safety by the TCs, and at situations, the test template simply is not up to par, or we lack in providing good readability and readability to our assessments.
As a tester, at any time once you’re requested to write test documentation, do not merely start away in an advert hoc methodology. It is crucial to understand the purpose of writing test circumstances correctly sooner than you are employed on the documentation course of.
The assessments ought to always be clear and lucid. They ought to be written in a signifies that supplies the tester ease to conduct your entire testing by following the steps outlined in each of the assessments.
In addition, the test case doc ought to embody as many circumstances as required to current full test coverage. For Example, attempt to cowl the testing for the entire potential conditions which will occur inside your software program program utility.
Keeping the above components in ideas, let’s now take a tour about How to Achieve Excellence in Test Documentation.
Useful Tips and Tricks
Here, we’ll uncover some useful suggestions which will provide you with a leg up in your test documentation from the others.
#1) Is your Test Document in Good Shape?
The best and simple means to handle your test doc is by splitting it into many single useful sections. Divide the entire testing into numerous test conditions. Then divide each scenario into numerous assessments. Finally, divide each case into numerous test steps.
If you are using excel, then doc each test case on a separate sheet of the workbook whereby each test case describes one full test circulation.
#2) Do not Forget to Cover the Negative Cases
As a software program program tester, you need to be trendy and draw up all the possibilities that your utility comes all through. We, as testers, have to verify that if any unauthentic attempt to enter the software program program or any invalid information to circulation all through the equipment ought to be stopped and reported.
Thus, a opposed case is as important as a constructive case. Make optimistic that for each scenario, you have received two test cases- one constructive and one opposed. The constructive one ought to cowl the supposed or common circulation and the opposed one ought to cowl the unintended or distinctive circulation.
#3) Have Atomic Test Steps
Each test step ought to be an atomic one. There should not be any further sub-steps. The additional simple and clear-headed a test step is, the less complicated it will likely be to proceed with testing.
#4) Prioritize the Tests
We often have stringent timelines to find yourself testing for an utility. Here, we may miss testing among the many important functionalities and options of the software program program. In order to stay away from this, tag a priority with each test whereas documenting it.
You can use any encoding for outlining the priority of a test. It is best to use any of the three ranges, extreme, medium, and low, or 1, 50, and 100. So, once you’ve received a strict timeline, full the entire high-priority assessments first after which switch to the medium and low priority assessments.
For Example, for a shopping for site, verifying entry denial for an invalid attempt to log into the app usually is a extreme priority case, verifying the present of associated merchandise on the individual show usually is a medium priority case, and verifying the color of the textual content material displayed on the show buttons usually is a low priority test.
#5) Sequence Matters
Confirm whether or not or not the sequence of steps inside the test is completely acceptable. A mistaken sequence of steps can lead to confusion.
Preferably, the steps additionally wants to define the entire sequence from coming into the app until exiting the app for a particular scenario that is being examined.
#6) Add Timestamp and Tester’s Name to the Comments
There is also a case the place you are testing an utility, and any person is making modifications in parallel to the equivalent app, or any person may change the app after your testing is accomplished. This leads to a state of affairs the place your test outcomes can vary with time.
So, it is always larger to add a timestamp with the tester’s establish inside the testing suggestions so {{that a}} test finish end result (cross or fail) shall be attributed to the state of an utility at that particular person time. Alternatively, you may have the opportunity to have an ‘Executed Date’ column added individually to the test case, and this may explicitly decide the timestamp of the test.
#7) Include Browser Details
As you understand, if it’s a web based utility, test outcomes can differ based mostly totally on the browser on which the test is executed.
For the comfort of various testers, builders, or whoever is reviewing the test doc, ought to add the browser establish and mannequin to the case so that the defect shall be replicated merely.
#8) Keep two separate sheets – ‘Bugs’ & ‘Summary’ inside the Document
If you are documenting in excel, then the first two sheets of the workbook ought to be Summary and Bugs. The Summary sheet ought to summarize the test scenario and the Bugs sheet ought to itemizing all the issues encountered all through testing.
The significance of together with these two sheets is that it will give a clear understanding of the testing to the reader/individual of the doc. So, when time is restricted, these two sheets can present very useful in providing an abstract of testing.
The test doc ought to current the best potential test safety, superb readability and can comply with one customary format all by means of.
We can get hold of excellence in test documentation by merely conserving few essential strategies in ideas as a result of the group of test case paperwork, prioritizing the TCs, having each factor in right sequence, collectively with all compulsory particulars to execute a TC, and providing clear & lucid test steps, and so forth. as talked about above.
How NOT to Write Tests
We spend most of our time writing, reviewing, executing, or sustaining these. It is sort of unfortunate that assessments are moreover primarily probably the most error-prone ones. The variations in understanding, group testing practices, lack of time, and so forth. are among the many the rationale why we recurrently see assessments that depart a lot to be desired.
There are loads of tutorials on our web site on this matter, nonetheless proper right here will see How NOT to write test circumstances – only a few strategies that may help to create distinctive, top quality, and environment friendly assessments.
Let’s be taught on and please phrase that the next suggestions are for every new and expert testers.
3 Most Common Problems in Test Cases
- Composite steps
- Application habits is taken as anticipated habits
- Multiple circumstances in a single case
These three have to be on my prime 3 itemizing of widespread points inside the test writing course of.
What’s attention-grabbing is that these happen with every new and expert testers and we merely keep following the equivalent flawed processes with out realizing that only a few simple measures could make issues higher merely.
Let’s get to it and give attention to each one:
#1) Composite Steps
Firstly, what’s a composite step?
For event, you are giving directions from Point A to degree B: do you have to say that “Go to XYZ place after which to ABC” this may not make sense, on account of proper right here we ourselves assume – “How do I get to XYZ inside the first place”- instead of starting with “Turn left from proper right here and go 1 mile, then flip correct on Rd. no 11 to arrive at XYZ” might get hold of larger outcomes.
The related tips apply to assessments and their steps as correctly.
For Example, I’m writing a test for Amazon.com – place an order for any product.
The following are my test steps (Note: We are solely writing the steps and by no means all the alternative parts of the test similar to the anticipated finish end result and so forth.)
a. Launch Amazon.com
b. Search for a product by coming into the product key phrase/establish into the “Search” space on the very best of the show.
c. From the search outcomes displayed, choose the first one.
d. Click on Add to Cart on the product particulars net web page.
e. Checkout and pay.
f. Check the order affirmation net web page.
Now, are you ready to decide which of these is a composite step? Right- Step (e)
Remember, assessments are always about “How” to test, so it’s essential to write the exact steps of “How to check out and pay” in your test.
Therefore, the above case is extra sensible when written as beneath:
a. Launch Amazon.com
b. Search for a product by coming into the product key phrase/establish into the “Search” space on the very best of the show.
c. From the search outcomes displayed, choose the first one.
d. Click on Add to Cart on the product particulars net web page.
e. Click on Checkout on the shopping for cart net web page.
f. Enter the CC information, transport, and billing information.
g. Click Checkout.
h. Check the order affirmation net web page.
Therefore, a composite step is one which may be broken down into numerous specific individual steps. Next time after we write assessments, let’s all hear to this half and I’m optimistic you may agree with me that we do this additional often than we perceive.
#2) Application habits is taken as anticipated habits
More and further duties have to deal with this instance these days.
Lack of documentation, Extreme programming, speedy enchancment cycles is few causes that strain us into relying on the equipment (an older mannequin) to each write the assessments or to base the testing itself on. As always, this is usually a confirmed harmful practice- not always, truly.
It is harmless as long as you keep an open ideas and keep the expectation that the “AUT might very effectively be flawed”. It is simply when you do not assume that it is, points work badly. As always, we’ll let the examples do the talking.
If the following is the net web page you are writing/designing the test steps for:
Case 1:
If my test case steps are as beneath:
- Launch the shopping for web site.
- Click on Shipping and return- Expected finish end result: The transport and returns net web page is displayed with “Put your data proper right here” and a “Continue” button.
Then, that’s incorrect.
Case 2:
- Launch the shopping for web site.
- Click on Shipping and return.
- In the ‘Enter the order no’ textual content material subject present on this show, enter the order no.
- Click Continue- Expected finish end result: The particulars of the order related to transport and returns are displayed.
Case 2 is a larger test case on account of although the reference utility behaves incorrectly, we solely take it as a suggestion, do further evaluation and write the anticipated habits as per the anticipated acceptable efficiency.
Bottom line: Application as a reference is a quick shortcut, nevertheless it absolutely comes with its private perils. As prolonged as we’re cautious and important, it produces great outcomes.
#3) Multiple Conditions in a single case
Once as soon as extra, let’s be taught from an Example.
Look on the beneath test steps: The following are the test steps inside one test for a login carry out.
a. Enter official particulars and click on on Submit.
b. Leave the Username space empty. Click Submit.
c. Leave the password space empty and click on on Submit.
d. Choose an already logged in username/password and click on on Submit.
What had to be 4 fully completely different circumstances is blended into one. You might think- What’s mistaken with that? It is saving loads of documentation and what I can do in 4; I’m doing it in 1- isn’t that good? Well, not pretty. Reasons?
Read on:
- What if one scenario fails – we’ve now to mark the entire test as ‘failed?’. If we mark the entire case ‘failed’, it means all 4 circumstances are often not working, which isn’t truly true.
- Tests need to have a circulation. From precondition to step 1 and all by means of the steps. If I comply with this case, in step (a), whether or not it’s worthwhile, I’ll in all probability be logged onto the net web page, the place the “login” selection is no longer accessible. So as soon as I get to step (b) – the place is the tester going to enter the username? The circulation is broken.
Hence, write modular assessments. It seems like loads of work, nonetheless all it takes for you is to separate points and use our best buddies Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V to work for us. 🙂
How to Improve Test Case Efficiency
The software program program testers ought to write their assessments from the earlier stage of the software program program enchancment life cycle, best all through the software program program requirements half.
The test supervisor or a QA supervisor ought to purchase and put collectively the utmost potential paperwork as per the beneath itemizing.
Document Collection for Test Writing
#1) User Requirements Document
It is a doc that lists the enterprise course of, individual profiles, individual environment, interaction with completely different packages, substitute of current packages, purposeful requirements, non-functional requirements, licensing and arrange requirements, effectivity requirements, security requirements, usability, and concurrent requirements, and so forth.,
#2) Business Use Case Document
This doc particulars the use case scenario of the purposeful requirements from the enterprise perspective. This doc covers the enterprise actors (or system), targets, pre-conditions, post-conditions, elementary circulation, alternate circulation, selections, exceptions of every enterprise circulation of the system beneath requirements.
#3) Functional Requirements Document
This doc particulars the purposeful requirements of each perform for the system beneath requirements.
Normally, purposeful requirements doc serves as a regular repository for every the occasion and testing workforce as well as to to the mission stakeholders collectively with the consumers for the devoted (usually frozen) requirements, which ought to be dealt with as a really highly effective doc for any software program program enchancment.
#4) Software Project Plan (Optional)
A doc which describes the small print of the mission, goals, priorities, milestones, actions, group development, approach, progress monitoring, hazard analysis, assumptions, dependencies, constraints, teaching requirements, shopper duties, mission schedule, and so forth.,
#5) QA/Test Plan
This doc particulars the usual administration system, documentation necessities, change administration mechanism, important modules, and functionalities, configuration administration system, testing plans, defect monitoring, acceptance requirements, and so forth.
The test plan doc is used to decide the choices to be examined, choices not to be examined, testing workforce allocations and their interface, helpful useful resource requirements, testing schedule, test writing, test safety, test deliverables, pre-requisite for test execution, bug reporting, and monitoring mechanism, test metrics, and so forth.
Real Example
Let us see how to successfully write test circumstances for a widely known ‘Login’ show as per the beneath decide. The methodology of testing will in all probability be practically the equivalent even for classy screens with additional information and important choices.
#1) The first methodology for any test case course of will in all probability be to get a show prototype (or wire-frames) as above, if accessible. This is not going to be accessible for some functionalities and is set by the criticality of designing a prototype inside the earlier phases of enchancment.
But, if an SRS (Software Requirements Specification) document is accessible for the mission, most of the show prototypes are developed by the mission workforce. This type of show simplifies the tester’s job and can improve the effectivity of assessments.
#2) Next, the purposeful requirements specs. It is set by the group course of, it would seemingly be accessible in a group of numerous paperwork.
So, decide the best doc for writing circumstances, each it is perhaps an individual requirement doc or a purposeful requirements specs (and even an SRS doc if it could be understandable comfortably by the testing workforce) which can provide a whole purposeful circulation of the chosen perform to be examined.
#3) Once the show prototype and purposeful specs are in place, the tester ought to start writing the circumstances with the following methodology and requirements.
- UI Tests: The controls/fields which can be seen to the individual. There are static administration and dynamic controls accessible for the perform to be examined. For Example, inside the login show above, the ‘User Name & Password’ texts are static fields that require no individual interaction, just for displaying the textual content material solely.
- Functional Cases: The login button and the Hyperlinks (Forgot Password? & Registration) are dynamic fields that require individual interaction by clicking on the controls, which might do some movement afterward.
- Database Cases: Once the individual enters the username and password, the assessments is also written to confirm the related database for, whether or not or not the username & password is checked within the correct database & desk, and as well as the individual has the permission to log in to the equipment beneath test.
- Process Tests: This is claimed to the strategy (not the actions associated with the seen controls accessible on the show) associated with the perform and the efficiency. For Example, clicking Forgot Password hyperlink inside the above sample show may piece of email the individual. So, maybe an Email needs to be examined for the right course of and affirmation.
4) Finally, keep the “BAOE mantra”, which means i) Basic Flow ii) Alternate Flow iii) Options and iv) Exceptions for your entire safety of the purposeful circulation and have to be examined. Every concept ought to apply to constructive and opposed assessments.
For Example, permit us to see the easy BAOE methodology for the sample login show above.
- Basic Flow: Enter the URL path of the Login in any browser and enter the information required and login to the equipment.
- Alternate Flow: Install the equipment on a mobile machine and enter the information required and log in to the equipment.
- Options: What are the alternatives which may be accessible to come to the equivalent login show? For Example, after logging in to the equipment, clicking the ‘Logout’ may carry the equivalent show or if the session timeout or session expired, the individual may come to the login show.
- Exceptions: What are the exceptions if my assessments are opposed? For Example, if mistaken credentials are entered inside the Login show, whether or not or not the individual will get an error message or no movement associated.
With all this information in hand, permit us to write the TCs for the login show, in a format with full safety, traceability, and detailed information. The logical sequence and numbering of determining the ‘Test Case ID’ will in all probability be very useful for quick identification of the execution historic previous of test circumstances.
Also be taught => 180+ sample ready to use test cases for web and desktop applications.
Test Case Document
Note: The test columns are often not restricted to the beneath sample test doc, which shall be maintained in an excel sheet to have as many columns as required for a whole traceability matrix viz., priority, perform of testing, sort of testing, error screenshot location, and so forth.
Also be taught => Sample test case template with examples.
For the comfort of simplicity and readability of this doc, permit us to write the steps to reproduce, anticipated, and exact habits of the assessments for the login show beneath.
Note: Add the Actual Behavior column on the end of this template.
No. | Steps to Reproduce | Expected Behaviour |
---|---|---|
1. | Open a browser and enter the URL for the Login show. | The Login show ought to be displayed. |
2. | Install the app in Android phone and open it. | The Login show ought to be displayed. |
3. | Open the Login show and confirm the texts accessible are precisely spelled. | ‘User Name’ & ‘Password’ textual content material ought to be displayed sooner than the related textual content material subject. Login button ought to have the caption ‘Login’. ‘Forgot Password?’ And ‘Registration’ ought to be accessible as Links. |
4. | Enter the textual content material inside the User Name subject. | Text shall be entered by mouse click on on or focus using tab. |
5. | Enter the textual content material inside the Password subject. | Text shall be entered by mouse click on on or focus using tab. |
6. | Click the Forgot Password? Link. | Clicking the hyperlink ought to take the individual to the related show. |
7. | Click the Registration Link | Clicking the hyperlink ought to take the individual to the related show. |
8. | Enter the individual establish and password and click on on the Login button. | Clicking the Login button ought to take to the related show or utility. |
9. | Go to the database and confirm the best desk establish is validated in direction of the enter credentials. | The desk establish ought to be validated and a standing flag ought to be up to date for worthwhile or failure login. |
10. | Click the Login with out coming into any textual content material inside the User Name and Password containers. | Click the Login button ought to alert a message subject ‘User Name and Password are Mandatory’. |
11. | Click the Login with out coming into textual content material inside the User Name subject, nonetheless coming into textual content material in Password subject. | Click the Login button ought to alert a message subject ‘Password is Mandatory’. |
12. | Click the Login with out coming into textual content material inside the Password subject, nonetheless coming into textual content material in User Name subject. | Click the Login button ought to alert a message subject ‘User Name is Mandatory’. |
13. | Enter the utmost allowed textual content material inside the User Name & Password containers. | Should accept the utmost allowed 30 characters. |
14. | Enter the User Name & Password starting with the actual characters. | Should not accept the textual content material starting with specific characters, which is not allowed in Registration. |
15. | Enter the User Name & Password starting with clear areas. | Should not accept the textual content material stating with clear areas, which is not allowed in Registration. |
16. | Enter the textual content material inside the password space. | Should not present the exact textual content material instead ought to present asterisk * picture. |
17. | Refresh the Login net web page. | Page ought to be refreshed with every User Name and Password fields clear. |
18. | Enter the User Name. | Depends on the browser auto fill settings, beforehand entered individual names ought to be displayed as a dropdown. |
19. | Enter the Password. | Depends on the browser auto fill settings, beforehand entered Passwords ought to NOT be displayed as a dropdown. |
20. | Move the primary focus to Forgot Password hyperlink using Tab. | Both mouse click on on and enter key ought to be usable. |
21. | Move the primary focus to Registration hyperlink using Tab. | Both mouse click on on and enter key ought to be usable. |
22. | Refresh the Login net web page and press Enter key. | The Login button ought to be focussed and the related movement ought to be fired. |
23. | Refresh the Login net web page and press Tab key. | The first focus inside the Login show ought to be the User Name subject. |
24. | Enter the User and Password and depart the Login net web page idle for 10 minutes. | Message subject alert ‘Session Expired, Enter User Name & Password Again’ ought to be displayed with every User Name & Password fields cleared. |
25. | Enter the Login URL in Chrome, Firefox & Internet Explorer browsers. | Same Login show ought to be displayed with out quite a bit deviation on the texture and seem and alignment of textual content material and sort controls. |
26. | Enter the Login credentials and confirm Login train in Chrome, Firefox & Internet Explorer browsers. | The movement of Login button ought to be one and the equivalent in the entire browsers. |
27. | Check the Forgot Password and Registration hyperlink simply is not broken in Chrome, Firefox & Internet Explorer browsers. | Both the hyperlinks ought to take to the relative screens in the entire browsers. |
28. | Check the Login efficiency is working appropriately in Android mobile Phones. | The Login perform ought to work the equivalent means because it’s accessible inside the web mannequin. |
29. | Check the Login efficiency is working appropriately in Tab and that iPhones. | The Login perform ought to work the equivalent means because it’s accessible inside the web mannequin. |
30. | Check the Login show permits the concurrent clients of the system and the entire clients are getting the Login show with out delays and contained in the outlined time of 5-10 seconds. | This ought to be achieved using many combination of working system and browsers each bodily or simply about or shall be achieved using some effectivity / load testing software program. |
Test Data Collection
When the test case is being written, a really highly effective exercise for any tester is to purchase the test information. This train is skipped and uncared for by many testers with the concept the test circumstances shall be executed with some sample information or dummy information and shall be fed when the knowledge is de facto required.
This is a important misunderstanding that feeding sample information or enter information from the ideas memory on the time of executing test circumstances.
If the knowledge simply is not collected and up to date inside the test doc on the time of writing the assessments, then the tester would spend abnormally additional time amassing the knowledge on the time of test execution. The test information ought to be collected for every constructive and opposed circumstances from the entire views of the purposeful circulation of the perform. The enterprise use case doc could also be very quite a bit useful on this state of affairs.
Find a sample test information doc for the assessments written above, which can in all probability be helpful in how efficiently we’ll purchase the knowledge, which might ease our job on the time of test execution.
Sl.No. | Purpose of Test Data | Actual Test Data |
---|---|---|
1. | Test the right individual establish and password | Administrator (admin2015) |
2. | Test the utmost measurement of individual establish and password | Administrator of the Main System (admin2015admin2015admin2015admin) |
3. | Test the clear areas for the individual establish and password | Enter clear areas using space key for individual establish and password |
4. | Test the improper individual establish and password | Admin (Activated) (digx##$taxk209) |
5. | Test the individual establish and password with uncontrolled areas between. | Admin istrator (admin 2015) |
6. | Test the individual establish and password starting with specific characters | $%#@#$Administrator (%#*#**#admin) |
7. | Test the individual establish and password with all small characters | administrator (admin2015) |
8. | Test the individual establish and password with all capital characters | ADMINISTRATOR (ADMIN2015) |
9. | Test the Login with the equivalent individual establish and password with numerous packages concurrently on the same time. | Administrator (admin2015) – for Chrome within the equivalent machine and fully completely different machine with working system Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows Server.
Administrator (admin2015) – for Firefox within the equivalent machine and fully completely different machine with working system Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows Server. Administrator (admin2015) – for Internet Explorer within the equivalent machine and fully completely different machine with working system Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows Server. |
10. | Test the Login with the individual establish and password inside the mobile utility. | Administrator (admin2015) – for Safari and Opera in Android Mobiles, iPhones and Tablets. |
Importance of Standardizing the Test Cases
In this busy world, no person can do repetitive points day in and day journey with the equivalent stage of curiosity and vitality. Especially, I’m not eager about doing the equivalent exercise many instances at work. I like managing points and saving time. Anyone in IT ought to be so.
All IT firms execute fully completely different duties. These duties can each be product-based or service-based. Out of these duties, most of them work spherical web pages and website testing. The good news about it is, all web pages have many similarities. If the web pages are for the same space, then they’ve numerous widespread choices too.
The question that always baffles me is that: “If most functions are associated, as an example: resembling retail web sites, which have been examined a thousand situations sooner than, “Why do we might like to write test circumstances for yet another retail web site from scratch?” Won’t it save a ton of time by pulling out the prevailing test scripts that had been used to test a earlier retail web site?
Sure, there could also be some small tweaks that we might have to do, nonetheless common it is less complicated, surroundings pleasant, time & money-saving too, and always helps to keep the curiosity ranges of the testers extreme.
Who likes to write, consider and protect the equivalent test circumstances repeatedly, correct? Reusing the prevailing assessments can clear up this to an superior extent and your buyers will uncover this smart and logical too.
So logically, I started pulling the prevailing scripts from associated web-based duties, made changes, and did a quick consider of them. I moreover used color-coding to current the changes that had been made, so that the reviewer can solely focus on the half that has been modified.
Reasons to Reuse Test Cases
#1) Most purposeful areas of an web web site are almost- login, registration, add to cart, need itemizing, checkout, transport selections, price selections, product net web page content material materials, simply these days seen, associated merchandise, promo code facilities, and so forth.
#2) Most of the duties are merely enhancements or changes to the prevailing efficiency.
#3) Content administration packages that define the slots for image uploads with static and dynamic strategies are moreover widespread for all web pages.
#4) Retail web pages have CSR (Customer Service) system too.
#5) Backend system and warehouse utility using JDA are moreover utilized by all web pages.
#6) The concept of cookies, timeout, and security are widespread too.
#7) Web-based duties are incessantly prone to requirement changes.
#8) The types of testing needed are widespread, like browser compatibility testing, performance testing, security testing
There is quite a bit that is widespread and associated. Reusability is the way in which during which to go. Sometimes the modifications themselves may or couldn’t take sort of time. Sometimes one may actually really feel it is larger to start from scratch than to modify quite a bit.
This shall be merely dealt with by making a set of regular test circumstances for each of the widespread efficiency.
What is a Standard Test in Web Testing?
- Create test circumstances which may be full – steps, information, variables, and so forth. This will make certain that the non-similar information/variable can merely get changed when an identical test case is required.
- The entrance and exit requirements ought to be appropriately outlined.
- The modifiable steps or the assertion inside the steps ought to be highlighted in a definite color for quick uncover and alter.
- The language used for the standard test case creation ought to be generic.
- All the choices of each site ought to be lined inside the test circumstances.
- The establish of the test circumstances ought to be the establish of the efficiency or the perform that the test case is defending. This will make the discovering of the test case from the set quite a bit less complicated.
- If there’s any elementary or customary sample or GUI file or screenshot of the perform, then it ought to be linked with the associated steps.
By using the above strategies, one can create a set of regular scripts and use them with little or required modifications for numerous web pages.
These customary test circumstances shall be automated too, nonetheless as quickly as as soon as extra, specializing in reusability is always a plus. Also, if automation relies on a GUI, reusing the scripts all through numerous URLs or web sites is one factor I on no account found environment friendly.
Using a daily set of handbook test circumstances for numerous web pages with minor modifications is the best means to carry an web web site testing. All we might like is to create and protect the test circumstances with right necessities and use.
Conclusion
Improving Test Case Efficiency simply is not a merely outlined time interval, nevertheless it absolutely’s an prepare and shall be achieved by a matured course of and customary observe.
The testing workforce should not be bored with becoming concerned inside the enchancment of such duties, as it is the best software program for bigger achievements inside the top quality world. This is confirmed in a number of the testing organizations worldwide on mission-critical duties and complicated functions.
Hope you may have gained immense data on the thought of Test Cases. Check out our sequence of tutorials to know additional about test circumstances and particular your concepts inside the suggestions half beneath!
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