In our last Selenium tutorial, we learned a build tool named as “Apache Ant”. We also broadly discussed its applicability and importance besides the practical approach.
In this Selenium Testing tutorial, we will learn Maven – a build automation tool which is distributed under Apache Software Foundation. It is mainly used for Java projects. It makes build consistent with another project.
Maven is also used to manage the dependencies. For example, if you are using selenium version 2.35 and any later point of time you have to use some other version, the same can be managed easily by Maven. You will find more examples of this later in this chapter. It works very effectively when there is a huge number of Jar files with different versions.
What You Will Learn:
What is a build tool?
The build tool is used to set up everything which is required to run your java code independently. This can be applied to your entire java project. It generates source code, compiling code, packaging code to a jar etc. Maven provides a common platform to perform these activities which makes programmer’s life easier while handling the huge project.
Maven provides pom.xml which is the core of any project. This is the configuration file where all required information’s are kept. Many of the IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) are available which makes it easy to use. IDEs are available for tools like Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ etc.
Maven stores all project jars. Library jar is in a place called repository which could be a central, local or remote repository. Maven downloads the dependency jar from a central repository. Most of the commonly used libraries are available in http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/.
Downloaded libraries are stored in the local repository called m2. Maven uses the libraries available in an m2 folder and if any new dependency added then maven downloads from the central repository to local repository. If libraries are not available in the central repository then maven looks for the remote repository. The user has to configure the remote repository in pom.xml to download from the remote repository.
Below is the example of configuring a remote repository to pom.xml file. Provide id and URL of the repository where libraries are stored.
<repositories> <repository> <id>libraryId</id> <url>http://comanyrepositryId</url> </repository> </repositories>
General Phrases used in Maven:
- groupId: Generally groupId refers to domain id. For best practices company name is used as groupId. It identifies the project uniquely.
- artifactId: It is basically the name of the Jar without version.
- version: This tag is used to create a version of the project.
- Local repository: Maven downloads all the required dependencies and stores in the local repository called m2. More details regarding the same would be shared in the next topic.
Build Life Cycle:
Basic maven phases are used as below.
- clean: deletes all artifacts and targets which are created already.
- compile: used to compile the source code of the project.
- test: test the compiled code and these tests do not require to be packaged or deployed.
- package: package is used to convert your project into a jar or war etc.
- install: install the package into the local repository for use of another project.
Maven Setup:
Step 1: To setup Maven, download the maven’s latest version form Apache depending upon different OS.
Step 2: Unzip the folder and save it on the local disk.
Step 3: Create environment variable for MAVEN_HOME. Follow the below step:
Navigate to System Properties ->Advanced System Settings>Environment Variable ->System Variable ->New ->Add path of Maven folder
Step 4: Edit path variable and provide the bin folder path.
Step 5: Now verify the maven installation using command prompt and don’t forget to setup JAVA_HOME
Use mvn –version to verify maven version and output comes like below.
Install maven IDE in Eclipse:
Maven provides IDE to integrate with eclipse. I am using eclipse Juno here.
Navigate to Help->Eclipse Marketplace-> Search maven ->Maven Integration for Eclipse ->INSTALL
After installation, you have to restart eclipse.
Then right-click on pom.xml and verify all the options are available like below.
Create Maven project:
Step 1: Navigate to File- new-others-Maven-Maven Project-Click Next
Step 2: Check the Create a simple project and click Next
Step 3: Provide Group Id and Artifact Id.You can change the version of Jar as per your wish. Here I am using the default name. Click Finish.
Step 4: After finish, you will find the project structure is created like below. pom.xml is created which is used to download all dependencies.
pom.xml file looks like below:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.softwaretestinghelp.test</groupId> <artifactId>com.softwaretestinghelp.selenium</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </project>
Step 5: Add dependencies for Selenium.
All selenium Maven artifacts are available in below central repository
http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/seleniumhq/selenium/
Add following dependencies in pom.xml for selenium
<dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>2.41.0</version> </dependency>
Similarly, following is the dependency for Junit :
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.4</version> </dependency>
If you want to add other third-party jars then add those dependencies in pom.xml
Step 6: Final pom.xml will be like below:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.softwaretestinghelp.test</groupId> <artifactId>com.softwaretestinghelp.selenium</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>2.41.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
Step 7: Maven will download all the dependency jars into the local repository called .m2.
M2 folder is basically inside Users->username->m2
All the jars will be placed in a folder called repository which is inside .m2 folder. Maven will create separate folders for the different version and different group id.
Step 8: If an m2 folder does not populate in Maven dependencies, then you can populate those jars manually.
– Eclipse Windows ->Preference
– Navigate Java->Build Path->Classpath Variables
– Click New Button ->Define M2_REPO and provide the path of the m2 folder.
Step 9: Upon successful setup, you will find Maven Dependencies folder like below which will have the required dependency jar for the project
Build the Project:
The project can be built by both using IDE and command prompt.
Using IDE you have to right click on POM-Run As-Maven Build
Enter goals like clean install etc. and click Run.
Same can be done using a command prompt. Navigate to project folder where pom.xml lies.
And use below commands to clean, compile and install
For clean: mvn clean
For compile: mvn compile
For Install: mvn install
Below is the info which is displayed when you clean any project and shows “BUILD SUCCESS”.
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building com.softwaretestinghelp.0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.1:clean (default-clean) @ com.softwaretestinghelp ---[INFO] Deleting C:UsersrshwusWORKSPACEcom.softwaretestinghelptarget [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.702s [INFO] Finished at: Sat May 24 18:58:22 IST 2014 [INFO] Final Memory: 2M/15M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
Maven simplifies the code handling and process of building the project. Most of the projects follow maven structure.
Download all dependencies provided the dependencies are available in maven central repository. If any of the dependency is not available in maven central repository then you have to add repository path in pom.xml explicitly.
There are many other build tools available in like ant. But it is better to use maven while dealing with different versions and different dependencies. Maven even can manage the dependencies of dependencies. Other tools may not provide such flexibility like maven. Please post your queries anything related to maven here.
Next Tutorial #25: In the upcoming tutorial, we would discuss continuous integration tool known as Hudson. We would study about its importance, role and benefits into Test Automation Framework. We would look at the Hudson straight from the beginning, from its installation to its working.